Cyware Weekly Threat Intelligence - November 13–17

Cyware Weekly Threat Intelligence - February 05–09 - Featured Image

Weekly Threat Briefing • November 17, 2023

The Good

While AI is touted to hold immense potential to enhance national cybersecurity, it also has a flip side, which may invite complex cyber risks. To mitigate the risks, the DHS has issued a roadmap that focuses on bolstering the digital ecosystem with AI tools. In another development, the FCC has proposed a pilot program to enhance the cybersecurity of K-12 schools and libraries. The initiative has been taken following a recent spate of cyberattacks that impacted the sensitive information of students and employees.

  • The DHS and the CISA released the first Roadmap to AI to ensure the secure development and implementation of AI capabilities across public and private organizations. As part of the effort, the roadmap outlines five strategies to help organizations build a resilient digital ecosystem while leveraging AI tools. These include using AI responsibly to support CISA’s mission, assessing and assuring AI systems, protecting critical infrastructure from malicious AI use, collaborating on key AI efforts, and expanding AI expertise in the workforce.

  • The FCC proposed creating a pilot program to help K-12 schools and libraries across the U.S. defend against rising cyber threats. Titled ‘Schools and Libraries Cybersecurity Pilot Program’, the initiative will run for three years with a budget of up to $200 million, with a primary focus on using advanced firewall services and enhancing the security of broadband networks and data.

  • The FBI dismantled the IPStorm botnet proxy network and its infrastructure after the hacker behind the operation pleaded guilty. The botnet was taken down along with its 23,000 proxies from all over the world. These proxies were used to infect over 13,5000 Linux, Mac, and Android devices across the U.S., Europe, and Asia. According to the DOJ, the convict sold illegitimate access to the infected devices, making a profit of at least $550,000 from the sale.

The Bad

Vulnerable software leading to the compromise of sensitive data serves as a stark reminder to organizations of the importance of securing it. For instance, the LockBit ransomware gang exploited the Citrix Bleed vulnerability to breach the networks of large organizations and steal their data. Besides this, the group was also in the news for leaking over 43GB of data it stole from Boeing. In another incident involving the wild exploitation of vulnerabilities, the Russian GRU hacked 22 energy companies in Denmark by abusing Zyxell firewall vulnerabilities.

  • A cyberattack on international logistics firm DP World severely disrupted regular freight operations across multiple ports in Australia. In response, the company activated its emergency plans and engaged with cybersecurity experts to resolve problems caused by the incident. While investigations are ongoing, the firm fears the possibility of unauthorized access to data by perpetrators.

  • Threat actors exploited Ethereum's Create2 opcode function to bypass wallet security alerts and steal $60 million worth of cryptocurrency from 99,000 people over six months. The opcode, originally designed for contract address anticipation, was abused by scammers to create addresses with bad signatures, thus, enabling them to evade security checks. While one victim reportedly lost up to $1.6 million, 11 victims collectively suffered a loss of $3 million.

  • The LockBit ransomware group leaked over 43GB of data stolen from Boeing after the latter refused to pay the ransom. Most of the data listed on the leak site was backup data for various systems, the most recent of which dated back to October 22. The data included configuration backups, audit logs for IT management software, and logs for monitoring and auditing tools. Citrix backups were also listed in the leaked data.

  • In another update, the Lockbit ransomware attacks used publicly available exploits for the Citrix Bleed vulnerability (CVE-2023-4966) to breach the networks of large organizations, steal data, and encrypt files. Although Citrix issued security patches for the flaw more than a month ago, thousands of internet-exposed endpoints are still running vulnerable appliances, with many in the U.S. Adding more woes, the Citrix Bleed vulnerability was also exploited by the MedusaLocker ransomware group to target Toyota Financial Services across Europe & Africa.

  • Denmark’s Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) disclosed that Russian GRU exploited zero-day vulnerabilities in Zyxel firewalls to coordinate attacks on 22 energy companies in Denmark. The first wave of attacks was launched on May 11 and the second wave began on May 22. The flaw in question was CVE-2023-28771 and affected Zyxel ZyWALL/USG series firmware versions 4.60 through 4.73.

  • Michigan-based McLaren Health Care experienced a major cyberattack that impacted the PII and PHI of 2.2 million patients. The compromised data included names, birth dates, SSNs, and extensive medical information of patients. The ALPHV (BlackCat) ransomware gang claimed responsibility for the breach in October, boasting access to sensitive information.

  • A SQL injection vulnerability in the WP Fastest Cache plugin could expose more than 600,000 websites to attacks. The flaw, tracked as CVE-2023-6063, could allow attackers to read the contents of the site’s database. It has a high-severity score of CVSS 8.6 and impacts all versions of the plugin before 1.2.2.

  • U.S. mail-order pharmacy provider Truepill, also known as Postmeds, confirmed that hackers accessed the sensitive data of 2.3 million patients between August 30 and September 01. The compromised data contained names, medication types, demographic information, and Social Security numbers of patients.

  • An unprotected Elasticsearch instance belonging to Strendus, a Mexican-licensed online casino, exposed 85GB of personal data of hundreds of thousands of gamblers. The open instance also contained data from another online casino, MustangMoney. The leaked information contained user names, email addresses, dates of birth, gender, KYC status, withdrawal amounts, and home addresses of gamblers.

  • Samsung disclosed a cyberattack that impacted the personal details of customers who made purchases from its U.K online store, between July 1, 2019 and June 30, 2020. The attackers managed to steal the data by exploiting a vulnerability in a third-party application. The affected data included names, phone numbers, home addresses, and email addresses of customers.

  • Over 20GB of data stolen from Plume, a smart Wi-Fi service provider, was dumped by a threat actor on the Breach Forums marketplace. The stolen database contains over 15 million lines of information, including email addresses, full names, and device details of users. A majority of the leaked email addresses were associated with the @plume.com and @plumewifi.com domains.

  • Nevada-based Perry Johnson & Associates updated that the cyber incident earlier this year affected more than 8.95 million people. While the data stolen varied from patient to patient, it could include names, dates of birth, addresses, medical record numbers, and diagnosis details of patients.

  • A Kibana instance belonging to Vietnam Post Corporation had left 1.2 Terabytes of data exposed on the internet for 87 days. The database contained 226 million logged events collected by various SIEM tools, The leaked information also had employee names and emails.

New Threats

Moving to new threats, four new info stealers—BBy Stealer, Nova Sentinel, Doenerium, and Epsilon Stealer—emerged in the threat landscape as researchers reported their usage against gaming communities. Meanwhile, an advisory from the CISA revealed that the Royal ransomware group has rebranded itself to BlackSuit to sidestep the security curbs by law enforcement and cybersecurity experts. There’s also an update on Scattered Spider actors leveraging BlackCat ransomware as part of their extortion tactics.

  • Security researcher Tom Forbes from GitGuardian uncovered nearly 4,000 unique secrets inside nearly 3,000 PyPI packages, which attackers could abuse to gain unauthorized access, impersonate package maintainers, or manipulate users through social engineering tactics. Some of these secrets include AWS, Azure AD, GitHub, Dropbox, and Auth0 keys, credentials for MongoDB, MySQL, PostgreSQL, SSH, Coinbase, and Twilio Master.
  • In another incident, researchers uncovered 27 malicious packages in the PyPI repository, masquerading as popular legitimate API tools. These packages were available in the repository for nearly six months to deliver malware capable of gaining persistence, stealing sensitive data, and accessing cryptocurrency wallets. These packages attracted thousands of downloads, with victims across the U.S., China, France, Hong Kong, Germany, Russia, Ireland, and Singapore.
  • A targeted campaign against gaming communities leveraged Discord channels and fake download sites to distribute a variety of information-stealing malware such as BBy Stealer, Nova Sentinel, Doenerium, and Epsilon Stealer. The attackers compromised the accounts of French gaming influencers to send messages offering exclusive access to a seemingly genuine game. While BBy Stealer and Nova Sentinel are under ongoing analysis, researchers found that Donerium and Epsilon Stealer are available on GitHub and Telegram, respectively.
  • According to a joint advisory from the CISA and the FBI, the Royal ransomware group has rebranded itself to BlackSuit in an attempt to avoid detection and countermeasures by law enforcement and cybersecurity experts. This change is not just in name but also reflected in their modus operandi, which includes advanced encryption methods and sophisticated attack vectors. In another advisory, the CISA shared IOCs and TTPs associated with the Rhysida ransomware that was predominantly deployed against the education, healthcare, manufacturing, information technology, and government sectors since May.
  • The CISA also issued an advisory to highlight a new tactic adopted by Scattered Spider actors to expand its extortion tactic. Typically they engage in data theft for extortion using social engineering tactics, however, they have recently added BlackCat ransomware to their arsenal, encrypting victims’ files after exfiltration.
  • Proofpoint observed a phishing campaign from the TA402 APT group that delivered a new initial access downloader dubbed IronWind. The campaign targeted government organizations in the Middle East and went on from July through October. The attackers utilized three variations of the infection chain, Dropbox links, XLL file attachments, and RAR file attachments, with each variant leading to the download of a DLL containing the multifunctional malware.
  • One of the affiliates of the BlackCat group was discovered using Google ads to distribute Nitrogen malware on victims’ systems. The malware was disguised as fake installers for popular software, such as Advanced IP Scanner, Slack, WinSCP, and Cisco AnyConnect, to lure business professionals. Nitrogen is labeled as initial-access malware that leverages Python libraries for stealth.
  • Researchers encountered a new SpyAgent campaign that infected more than 200 smartphone users in South Korea. The malware was distributed via malicious Android and iOS applications delivered via phishing sites. The attackers used different themes in their phishing sites to lure victims.
  • The CISA added three new vulnerabilities to its KEV catalog based on the evidence of active exploitation in the wild. The vulnerabilities in question were a security feature bypass vulnerability (CVE-2023-36548) in Microsoft Windows MoTW, a command injection vulnerability (CVE-2023-1671) in Sophos Web Appliance, and an unspecified vulnerability (CVE-2023-2551) in Oracle Fusion Middleware.
  • Google’s TAG reported that four different threat actors exploited a zero-day flaw (CVE-2023-37580) in the Zimbra Collaboration email software in various campaigns to pilfer email data, user credentials, and authentication tokens. These campaigns were targeted against entities in Greece, Moldova, Tunisia, Vietnam, and Pakistan. Meanwhile, the firm issued security patches for the flaw on July 25, which indicates that organizations using vulnerable software must update to the latest version.

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Mar 21, 2025

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Mar 14, 2025

Cyware Weekly Threat Intelligence, March 10–14, 2025

A Russian hosting provider is feeling the heat from global sanctions. Australia, the U.K., and the U.S. have sanctioned Zservers, a bulletproof hosting provider linked to ransomware and fraud, freezing its assets and restricting operations. Switzerland is tightening its grip on cyber incident reporting. Starting April 1, critical infrastructure operatorsmust report cyberattacks to the NCSC within 24 hours, reinforcing national cybersecurity defenses. Cybercriminals are upgrading their toolkit for long-term access. Ragnar Loader is being leveraged by ransomware groups like FIN7, FIN8, and Ragnar Locker, evolving into a stealthier and more modular malware for persistent system compromise. Chinese hackers are slipping past defenses in Juniper routers. The UNC3886 threat group is backdooring older Juniper MX routers, bypassing security protections and embedding custom TinyShell malware to maintain access. North Korean hackers are adding ransomware to their arsenal. Moonstone Sleet (Storm-1789) is deploying Qilin ransomware, using fake companies and trojanized tools to infiltrate targets through LinkedIn and freelance platforms. A botnet is turning home routers into attack platforms. The Ballista botnet is exploiting an unpatched TP-Link Archer router flaw (CVE-2023-1389) to spread stealthily, using Tor domains and remote command execution to launch DDoS attacks worldwide. Copy, paste, and lose your crypto. MassJacker hijacks clipboard transactions, swapping wallet addresses with attacker-controlled ones, stealing funds from victims who unknowingly send money to the wrong destination. A fake CAPTCHA is all it takes to get root access. The OBSCURE#BAT campaign is using social engineering tactics to install the r77 rootkit, bypassing defenses and targeting English-speaking users with stealthy, persistent malware.

Mar 7, 2025

Cyware Weekly Threat Intelligence, March 03–07, 2025

The code caves of GitHub just got a cleanup crew courtesy of Microsoft. A sprawling malvertising campaign that snagged nearly a million devices worldwide has been knocked down a peg. Cheap Android gadgets are getting a breather from a relentless digital pest. The BadBox 2.0 botnet, a souped-up sequel backed by multiple threat crews, saw 24 shady apps booted from Google Play and half a million infected devices cut off from their puppet masters, thanks to some crafty sinkholing and Google’s cleanup sweep. A sneaky gatecrasher has turned WordPress into a redirect rollercoaster. A malicious JavaScript injection lurking in a theme file has snagged at least 31 sites, pulling visitors through a two-step detour to shady third-party domains. Japan’s digital defenses are under siege from a shadowy crew with a taste for chaos. Since January, unknown threat actors have been prying open organizations in tech, telecom, entertainment, and more, exploiting CVE-2024-4577 in PHP-CGI on Windows. Crooks posing as the Electronic Frontier Foundation are targeting Albion Online players with phishing emails and fake PDFs, claiming account trouble. It’s a ruse to drop Stealc malware and Pyramid C2. A fresh face in the cybercrime underworld is juggling a bag of nasty surprises. EncryptHub is hitting users of QQ Talk, WeChat, Google Meet, and more with trojanized apps and slick multi-stage attacks. The Eleven11bot botnet, loosely tied to Iran, has taken over 86,000 IoT devices to slam telecoms and gaming servers with relentless DDoS barrages. Social media’s sunny side has a dark shadow creeping across the Middle East and North Africa. Since September 2024, Desert Dexter has been slinging a tweaked AsyncRAT via legit file-sharing sites and Telegram. For detailed Cyber Threat Intel, click ‘Read More’.

Feb 28, 2025

Cyware Weekly Threat Intelligence, February 24–28, 2025

Stay ahead of cyber threats with the latest on the Vo1d botnet infecting Android TVs, GitVenom malware on GitHub, Redox Stealer, LCRYX ransomware, and a critical WordPress XSS vulnerability. Plus, insights on Lotus Blossom cyber espionage, PolarEdge malware targeting routers, Chrome extension hijacks, and PayPal phishing scams. Get the full security briefing now!